Adding Deny Strings for Filtering Rules <add>

The <add> element of the <denyStrings> element adds a unique string to the collection of strings which a request filtering rule will deny.

The default installation of IIS 7 and later includes the Request Filtering role service or feature. If the Request Filtering role service or feature is uninstalled, you can reinstall it using the following steps.

1. On the taskbar, click Server Manager.
2. In Server Manager, click the Manage menu, and then click Add Roles and Features.
3. In the Add Roles and Features wizard, click Next. Select the installation type and click Next. Select the destination server and click Next.
4. On the Server Roles page, expand Web Server (IIS), expand Web Server, expand Security, and then select Request Filtering. Click Next.
   .
5. On the Select features page, click Next.
6. On the Confirm installation selections page, click Install.
7. On the Results page, click Close.

1. On the Start screen, move the pointer all the way to the lower left corner, right-click the Start button, and then click Control Panel.
2. In Control Panel, click Programs and Features, and then click Turn Windows features on or off.
3. Expand Internet Information Services, expand World Wide Web Services, expand Security, and then select Request Filtering.
   
4. Click OK.
5. Click Close.

1. On the taskbar, click Start, point to Administrative Tools, and then click Server Manager.
2. In the Server Manager hierarchy pane, expand Roles, and then click Web Server (IIS).
3. In the Web Server (IIS) pane, scroll to the Role Services section, and then click Add Role Services.
4. On the Select Role Services page of the Add Role Services Wizard, select Request Filtering, and then click Next.
   
5. On the Confirm Installation Selections page, click Install.
6. On the Results page, click Close.

1. On the taskbar, click Start, and then click Control Panel.
2. In Control Panel, click Programs and Features, and then click Turn Windows Features on or off.
3. Expand Internet Information Services, then World Wide Web Services, and then Security.
4. Select Request Filtering, and then click OK.
   

1. Open Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager:

   • If you are using Windows Server 2012 or Windows Server 2012 R2:

     • On the taskbar, click Server Manager, click Tools, and then click Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager.

   • If you are using Windows 8 or Windows 8.1:

     • Hold down the Windows key, press the letter X, and then click Control Panel.
     • Click Administrative Tools, and then double-click Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager.

   • If you are using Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2:

     • On the taskbar, click Start, point to Administrative Tools, and then click Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager.

   • If you are using Windows Vista or Windows 7:

     • On the taskbar, click Start, and then click Control Panel.
     • Double-click Administrative Tools, and then double-click Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager.

2. In the Connections pane, go to the site, application, or directory for which you want to configure request filtering.

3. In the Home pane, double-click Request Filtering.

4. In the Request Filtering pane, click the Rules tab.
   

5. In the Actions pane, click Add Filtering Rule.

6. Enter the following information for the filtering rule in the Add Filtering Rule dialog:

   • Enter a friendly name for the filtering rule in the Name field.
   • Select Scan url if you want the filtering rule to scan the URL stub for the request.
   • Select Scan query string if you want the filtering rule to scan the query string for the request.
   • Enter any HTTP headers to scan in the Scan Headers collection.
   • Enter the file name extensions to use with the filtering rule in the Applies To collection.
   • Enter the collection of strings to deny for the filtering rule in the Deny Strings collection.
     

7. Click OK to close the Add Filtering Rule dialog.

The <add> element of the <denyStrings> element is configured at the site, application, or directory level.

None.

The following sample displays a <requestFiltering> element that uses the <denyStrings>, <appliesTo>, and <scanHeaders> elements to define a request filtering rule that will prevent image stealing (leeching) for a specific user agent.

<requestFiltering>
   <filteringRules>
      <filteringRule name="Block Image Leeching" scanUrl="false" scanQueryString="false" scanAllRaw="false">
         <scanHeaders>
            <add requestHeader="User-agent" />
         </scanHeaders>
         <appliesTo>
            <add fileExtension=".gif" />
            <add fileExtension=".jpg" />
            <add fileExtension=".png" />
         </appliesTo>
         <denyStrings>
            <add string="leech-bot" />
         </denyStrings>
      </filteringRule>
   </filteringRules>
</requestFiltering>

The following sample displays a <requestFiltering> element that defines a request filtering rule that prevents SQL injection attacks by denying a collection of text strings in query strings that are often used in SQL injection attacks.

<requestFiltering>
   <filteringRules>
      <filteringRule name="SQLInjection" scanUrl="false" scanQueryString="true">
         <appliesTo>
            <clear />
            <add fileExtension=".asp" />
            <add fileExtension=".aspx" />
            <add fileExtension=".php" />
         </appliesTo>
         <denyStrings>
            <clear />
            <add string="--" />
            <add string=";" />
            <add string="/*" />
            <add string="@" />
            <add string="char" />
            <add string="alter" />
            <add string="begin" />
            <add string="cast" />
            <add string="create" />
            <add string="cursor" />
            <add string="declare" />
            <add string="delete" />
            <add string="drop" />
            <add string="end" />
            <add string="exec" />
            <add string="fetch" />
            <add string="insert" />
            <add string="kill" />
            <add string="open" />
            <add string="select" />
            <add string="sys" />
            <add string="table" />
            <add string="update" />
         </denyStrings>
         <scanHeaders>
            <clear />
         </scanHeaders>
      </filteringRule>
   </filteringRules>
</requestFiltering>

The following examples demonstrate how to use the <denyStrings>, <appliesTo>, and <scanHeaders> elements to add a request filtering rule for the Default Web Site that will prevent image stealing (leeching) for a specific user agent. Here is the scenario for this example: If you detected that images on your web site were being leeched by a particular user agent, you could create a request filtering rule that denies access to image files for that specific user agent. In this particular example, the request filtering rule will search the HTTP user-agent header for the string "leech-bot," and will deny access to GIF, JPG, and PNG files if the user-agent header contains the search string.

appcmd.exe set config "Default Web Site" -section:system.webServer/security/requestFiltering /+"filteringRules.[name='Block Image Leeching',scanUrl='False',scanQueryString='False',scanAllRaw='False']" 

appcmd.exe set config "Default Web Site" -section:system.webServer/security/requestFiltering /+"filteringRules.[name='Block Image Leeching'].scanHeaders.[requestHeader='User-agent']" 

appcmd.exe set config "Default Web Site" -section:system.webServer/security/requestFiltering /+"filteringRules.[name='Block Image Leeching'].appliesTo.[fileExtension='.gif']" 

appcmd.exe set config "Default Web Site" -section:system.webServer/security/requestFiltering /+"filteringRules.[name='Block Image Leeching'].appliesTo.[fileExtension='.jpg']" 

appcmd.exe set config "Default Web Site" -section:system.webServer/security/requestFiltering /+"filteringRules.[name='Block Image Leeching'].appliesTo.[fileExtension='.png']" 

appcmd.exe set config "Default Web Site" -section:system.webServer/security/requestFiltering /+"filteringRules.[name='Block Image Leeching'].denyStrings.[string='leech-bot']"

Start-IISCommitDelay

$filteringRules = Get-IISConfigSection -CommitPath 'Default Web Site' -SectionPath 'system.webServer/security/requestFiltering' | Get-IISConfigCollection -CollectionName 'filteringRules' 
New-IISConfigCollectionElement -ConfigCollection $filteringRules -ConfigAttribute @{ 'name' = 'Block Image Leeching'; 'scanUrl' = $false; 'scanQueryString' = $false; 'scanAllRaw' = $false; } 

$Rule = Get-IISConfigCollectionElement -ConfigCollection $filteringRules -ConfigAttribute @{ 'name' = 'Block Image Leeching' }

$ruleScanHeaders = Get-IISConfigCollection -ConfigElement $Rule -CollectionName 'scanHeaders' 
New-IISConfigCollectionElement -ConfigCollection $ruleScanHeaders -ConfigAttribute @{ 'requestHeader' = 'User-Agent' }

$ruleAppliesTo = Get-IISConfigCollection -ConfigElement $Rule -CollectionName 'appliesTo'
New-IISConfigCollectionElement -ConfigCollection $ruleAppliesTo -ConfigAttribute @{ 'fileExtension' = '.gif' }
New-IISConfigCollectionElement -ConfigCollection $ruleAppliesTo -ConfigAttribute @{ 'fileExtension' = '.jpg' }
New-IISConfigCollectionElement -ConfigCollection $ruleAppliesTo -ConfigAttribute @{ 'fileExtension' = '.png' }

$ruleDenyStrings = Get-IISConfigCollection -ConfigElement $Rule -CollectionName 'denyStrings'
New-IISConfigCollectionElement -ConfigCollection $ruleDenyStrings -ConfigAttribute @{ 'string' = 'leech-bot' }

Stop-IISCommitDelay

using System;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Web.Administration;

internal static class Sample
{
   private static void Main()
   {
      using (ServerManager serverManager = new ServerManager())
      {
         Configuration config = serverManager.GetWebConfiguration("Default Web Site");
         ConfigurationSection requestFilteringSection = config.GetSection("system.webServer/security/requestFiltering");
         ConfigurationElementCollection filteringRulesCollection = requestFilteringSection.GetCollection("filteringRules");

         ConfigurationElement filteringRuleElement = filteringRulesCollection.CreateElement("filteringRule");
         filteringRuleElement["name"] = @"Block Image Leeching";
         filteringRuleElement["scanUrl"] = false;
         filteringRuleElement["scanQueryString"] = false;
         filteringRuleElement["scanAllRaw"] = false;

         ConfigurationElementCollection scanHeadersCollection = filteringRuleElement.GetCollection("scanHeaders");
         ConfigurationElement addElement = scanHeadersCollection.CreateElement("add");
         addElement["requestHeader"] = @"User-agent";
         scanHeadersCollection.Add(addElement);

         ConfigurationElementCollection appliesToCollection = filteringRuleElement.GetCollection("appliesTo");
         ConfigurationElement addElement1 = appliesToCollection.CreateElement("add");
         addElement1["fileExtension"] = @".gif";
         appliesToCollection.Add(addElement1);
         ConfigurationElement addElement2 = appliesToCollection.CreateElement("add");
         addElement2["fileExtension"] = @".jpg";
         appliesToCollection.Add(addElement2);
         ConfigurationElement addElement3 = appliesToCollection.CreateElement("add");
         addElement3["fileExtension"] = @".png";
         appliesToCollection.Add(addElement3);

         ConfigurationElementCollection denyStringsCollection = filteringRuleElement.GetCollection("denyStrings");
         ConfigurationElement addElement4 = denyStringsCollection.CreateElement("add");
         addElement4["string"] = @"leech-bot";
         denyStringsCollection.Add(addElement4);

         filteringRulesCollection.Add(filteringRuleElement);
         serverManager.CommitChanges();
      }
   }
}

Imports System
Imports System.Text
Imports Microsoft.Web.Administration


Module Sample
   Sub Main()
      Dim serverManager As ServerManager = New ServerManager
      Dim config As Configuration = serverManager.GetWebConfiguration("Default Web Site")
      Dim requestFilteringSection As ConfigurationSection = config.GetSection("system.webServer/security/requestFiltering")
      Dim filteringRulesCollection As ConfigurationElementCollection = requestFilteringSection.GetCollection("filteringRules")

      Dim filteringRuleElement As ConfigurationElement = filteringRulesCollection.CreateElement("filteringRule")
      filteringRuleElement("name") = "Block Image Leeching"
      filteringRuleElement("scanUrl") = False
      filteringRuleElement("scanQueryString") = False
      filteringRuleElement("scanAllRaw") = False

      Dim scanHeadersCollection As ConfigurationElementCollection = filteringRuleElement.GetCollection("scanHeaders")
      Dim addElement As ConfigurationElement = scanHeadersCollection.CreateElement("add")
      addElement("requestHeader") = "User-agent"
      scanHeadersCollection.Add(addElement)

      Dim appliesToCollection As ConfigurationElementCollection = filteringRuleElement.GetCollection("appliesTo")
      Dim addElement1 As ConfigurationElement = appliesToCollection.CreateElement("add")
      addElement1("fileExtension") = ".gif"
      appliesToCollection.Add(addElement1)
      Dim addElement2 As ConfigurationElement = appliesToCollection.CreateElement("add")
      addElement2("fileExtension") = ".jpg"
      appliesToCollection.Add(addElement2)
      Dim addElement3 As ConfigurationElement = appliesToCollection.CreateElement("add")
      addElement3("fileExtension") = ".png"
      appliesToCollection.Add(addElement3)

      Dim denyStringsCollection As ConfigurationElementCollection = filteringRuleElement.GetCollection("denyStrings")
      Dim addElement4 As ConfigurationElement = denyStringsCollection.CreateElement("add")
      addElement4("string") = "leech-bot"
      denyStringsCollection.Add(addElement4)

      filteringRulesCollection.Add(filteringRuleElement)
      serverManager.CommitChanges()
   End Sub
End Module

adminManager.CommitPath = "MACHINE/WEBROOT/APPHOST/Default Web Site";
var requestFilteringSection = adminManager.GetAdminSection("system.webServer/security/requestFiltering", "MACHINE/WEBROOT/APPHOST/Default Web Site");
var filteringRulesCollection = requestFilteringSection.ChildElements.Item("filteringRules").Collection;

var filteringRuleElement = filteringRulesCollection.CreateNewElement("filteringRule");
filteringRuleElement.Properties.Item("name").Value = "Block Image Leeching";
filteringRuleElement.Properties.Item("scanUrl").Value = false;
filteringRuleElement.Properties.Item("scanQueryString").Value = false;
filteringRuleElement.Properties.Item("scanAllRaw").Value = false;

var scanHeadersCollection = filteringRuleElement.ChildElements.Item("scanHeaders").Collection;
var addElement = scanHeadersCollection.CreateNewElement("add");
addElement.Properties.Item("requestHeader").Value = "User-agent";
scanHeadersCollection.AddElement(addElement);

var appliesToCollection = filteringRuleElement.ChildElements.Item("appliesTo").Collection;
var addElement1 = appliesToCollection.CreateNewElement("add");
addElement1.Properties.Item("fileExtension").Value = ".gif";
appliesToCollection.AddElement(addElement1);
var addElement2 = appliesToCollection.CreateNewElement("add");
addElement2.Properties.Item("fileExtension").Value = ".jpg";
appliesToCollection.AddElement(addElement2);
var addElement3 = appliesToCollection.CreateNewElement("add");
addElement3.Properties.Item("fileExtension").Value = ".png";
appliesToCollection.AddElement(addElement3);

var denyStringsCollection = filteringRuleElement.ChildElements.Item("denyStrings").Collection;
var addElement4 = denyStringsCollection.CreateNewElement("add");
addElement4.Properties.Item("string").Value = "leech-bot";
denyStringsCollection.AddElement(addElement4);

filteringRulesCollection.AddElement(filteringRuleElement);
adminManager.CommitChanges();

Set adminManager = createObject("Microsoft.ApplicationHost.WritableAdminManager")
adminManager.CommitPath = "MACHINE/WEBROOT/APPHOST/Default Web Site"
Set requestFilteringSection = adminManager.GetAdminSection("system.webServer/security/requestFiltering", "MACHINE/WEBROOT/APPHOST/Default Web Site")
Set filteringRulesCollection = requestFilteringSection.ChildElements.Item("filteringRules").Collection

Set filteringRuleElement = filteringRulesCollection.CreateNewElement("filteringRule")
filteringRuleElement.Properties.Item("name").Value = "Block Image Leeching"
filteringRuleElement.Properties.Item("scanUrl").Value = False
filteringRuleElement.Properties.Item("scanQueryString").Value = False
filteringRuleElement.Properties.Item("scanAllRaw").Value = False

Set scanHeadersCollection = filteringRuleElement.ChildElements.Item("scanHeaders").Collection
Set addElement = scanHeadersCollection.CreateNewElement("add")
addElement.Properties.Item("requestHeader").Value = "User-agent"
scanHeadersCollection.AddElement(addElement)

Set appliesToCollection = filteringRuleElement.ChildElements.Item("appliesTo").Collection
Set addElement1 = appliesToCollection.CreateNewElement("add")
addElement1.Properties.Item("fileExtension").Value = ".gif"
appliesToCollection.AddElement(addElement1)
Set addElement2 = appliesToCollection.CreateNewElement("add")
addElement2.Properties.Item("fileExtension").Value = ".jpg"
appliesToCollection.AddElement(addElement2)
Set addElement3 = appliesToCollection.CreateNewElement("add")
addElement3.Properties.Item("fileExtension").Value = ".png"
appliesToCollection.AddElement(addElement3)

Set denyStringsCollection = filteringRuleElement.ChildElements.Item("denyStrings").Collection
Set addElement4 = denyStringsCollection.CreateNewElement("add")
addElement4.Properties.Item("string").Value = "leech-bot"
denyStringsCollection.AddElement(addElement4)

filteringRulesCollection.AddElement(filteringRuleElement)
adminManager.CommitChanges()